Medically reviewed by Dr. Tom Biernacki, DPM — Board-Certified Podiatric Surgeon — Balance Foot & Ankle, Howell & Bloomfield Hills, MI. Last updated April 2026.

Compression Stockings: Complete Guide from Michigan Podiatrists

Compression stockings are one of the most underutilized yet highly effective tools we recommend at Balance Foot & Ankle. They’re not just for elderly patients or post-surgery — they benefit anyone with leg swelling, varicose veins, long workdays on their feet, or frequent travel. Here’s everything you need to know.

How Compression Stockings Work

Graduated compression stockings apply graduated pressure — firmest at the ankle, gradually decreasing toward the knee or thigh. This pressure gradient helps the calf muscle pump push venous blood upward against gravity, reducing pooling, swelling, and venous pressure. The result: less edema, better circulation, reduced aching and fatigue.

Compression Levels Explained

• 8–15 mmHg (mild): Light support; for mild fatigue and swelling; available OTC without prescription. Good for travel and long days on your feet.
• 15–20 mmHg (moderate): For mild varicose veins, pregnancy, prolonged standing. Available OTC.
• 20–30 mmHg (medical grade I): For moderate-severe varicose veins, edema, post-thrombotic syndrome, mild lymphedema, post-sclerotherapy. Prescription sometimes required; insurer coverage possible.
• 30–40 mmHg (medical grade II): For severe varicose veins, significant edema, lymphedema, post-DVT management. Requires measurement and professional fitting.
• 40+ mmHg: For severe lymphedema and specific vascular conditions. Requires medical supervision.

Types of Compression Garments

Knee-High (Most Common)

Covers foot to just below the knee. Sufficient for most indications — leg swelling, varicose veins, plantar fasciitis. Easiest to put on and most comfortable. We recommend knee-high for most patients unless edema extends above the knee.

Thigh-High

Extends to the upper thigh. For edema or varicose veins above the knee. Harder to put on; may roll down without a garter attachment.

Compression Pantyhose/Tights

Full-leg coverage. Best for patients with bilateral thigh edema, pregnancy-related swelling, or those who prefer the look. Available in various styles and colors.

Open-Toe vs. Closed-Toe

Open-toe options are helpful in warm weather and for patients who need toe stretching. Closed-toe provides additional compression to the foot and toes — preferred when forefoot swelling is present.

Who Should Wear Compression Stockings?

• Anyone with chronic ankle or leg swelling
• Varicose veins
• Chronic venous insufficiency
• Lymphedema
• Post-DVT (post-thrombotic syndrome prevention)
• Pregnant women (15–20 mmHg recommended by many OBs)
• Long-haul travelers (airline passengers)
• People who stand all day (nurses, teachers, retail workers, surgeons)
• Athletes: post-exercise recovery compression reduces muscle soreness
• Post-surgical patients (DVT prevention)

How to Put On Compression Stockings

Medical-grade stockings can be tight and difficult to apply — especially for patients with arthritis or limited dexterity:

• Apply in the morning before rising, when swelling is minimal
• Use a donning device (rubber gloves or stocking donner frame) — makes application much easier
• Turn the stocking inside out to the heel, place foot in, then gradually roll up the leg
• Ensure no wrinkles or folds — these create pressure points

Compression Stocking Precautions

Compression stockings are NOT appropriate for everyone. Do NOT use without medical clearance if you have:

• Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) — compression can worsen circulation in arterially insufficient limbs
• Severe heart failure — may worsen fluid redistribution
• Peripheral neuropathy with severe sensory loss — cannot feel pressure-related injury

When in doubt, ask us. At Balance Foot & Ankle, we assess ankle-brachial index and circulation when indicated before recommending compression.

How Long Do Compression Stockings Last?

Medical-grade stockings should be replaced every 3–6 months with daily use — the elastic fibers wear out and lose compression accuracy over time. Wash by hand or on gentle cycle with mild detergent; avoid the dryer.

Insurance Coverage

Medicare and many insurance plans cover compression stockings when prescribed for specific diagnoses (venous insufficiency, lymphedema, post-surgical DVT prevention). Ask us for a prescription and diagnosis code — coverage can range from 2–4 pairs per year depending on your plan.

Ready to Get Relief? We’re Here to Help.

Board-certified podiatrists Dr. Tom Biernacki, Dr. Carl Jay, and Dr. Daria Gutkin see patients daily at our Howell and Bloomfield Township, MI offices.

📅 Book Online
📞 (810) 206-1402

Related Topics

• Diabetic Foot Care
• Neuropathy Treatment
• Custom Orthotics

Your Guide to Compression Stockings

Compression stockings help manage swelling, improve circulation, and prevent blood clots. Our podiatrists recommend the right type and compression level for your needs.

View Our Circulation Services | Book Your Appointment | Call (810) 206-1402

Clinical References

1. Lim CS, et al. Graduated compression stockings. CMAJ. 2014;186(10):E391-E398.
2. Amsler F, et al. Compression therapy for occupational leg symptoms and chronic venous disorders. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2008;35(3):366-372.
3. Mosti G, et al. Optimal compression pressure to achieve the best venous hemodynamic effect. Vasa. 2008;37(4):348-352.