Medically reviewed by Dr. Tom Biernacki, DPM — Board-Certified Podiatric Surgeon — Balance Foot & Ankle, Howell & Bloomfield Hills, MI. Last updated April 2026.

Foot and ankle pain during pregnancy is extraordinarily common — estimates suggest that 50–70% of pregnant women experience significant foot discomfort at some point during their pregnancy. The physiological changes of pregnancy create a perfect storm of conditions that predispose the feet and ankles to pain, and understanding these changes explains why foot problems often emerge or worsen with each trimester.

Why Pregnancy Affects the Feet

Several interrelated physiological changes drive pregnancy-related foot problems:

• Weight gain — the average 25–35 pounds of pregnancy weight gain substantially increases the mechanical load on the plantar fascia, heel, and metatarsal heads
• Relaxin hormone — the hormone relaxin, which loosens the pelvic ligaments to prepare for childbirth, also loosens ligaments throughout the body including the foot — causing arch collapse and pronation that can be permanent
• Edema (swelling) — fluid retention causes foot and ankle swelling, particularly in the third trimester, which reduces shoe comfort and can compress nerves in the foot
• Altered gait — the shifted center of gravity of pregnancy changes walking mechanics, increasing forefoot pressure and altering the load on the plantar fascia
• Reduced ability to bend over — limiting the patient’s ability to perform foot stretching exercises that would otherwise prevent plantar fasciitis

Plantar Fasciitis During Pregnancy

Plantar fasciitis is the most common foot condition that develops or worsens during pregnancy. The combination of weight gain, arch flattening from relaxin, and altered gait mechanics creates ideal conditions for plantar fascia overload. Morning heel pain that makes the first steps excruciating is the hallmark symptom.

Safe Treatment During Pregnancy

• Custom orthotics — the safest and most effective intervention; 3D-scanned custom orthotics provide the precise arch support needed to offload the plantar fascia during pregnancy; entirely safe at any trimester
• Supportive footwear — transitioning to cushioned, supportive shoes and avoiding flip-flops and flat shoes; a heel height of 1–2 inches is often more comfortable than flat shoes for plantar fasciitis
• Plantar fascia night splint — maintains the plantar fascia in a stretched position overnight; eliminates the “first-step pain” that results from the fascia tightening during sleep
• Calf stretching — safe and effective throughout pregnancy; gastrocnemius-soleus tightness is a major contributor to plantar fascia overload
• Ice — 10–15 minutes of ice application to the heel after prolonged standing reduces inflammation safely
• Cortisone injection — generally avoided in the first trimester; may be considered with careful risk-benefit discussion with the obstetrician in the second and third trimesters for severe cases

Foot and Ankle Swelling (Edema)

Lower extremity edema affects approximately 75% of pregnant women, typically worsening in the third trimester. It results from increased blood volume, uterine compression of the iliac veins, and decreased plasma protein oncotic pressure. While usually benign and physiological, severe or sudden unilateral swelling warrants urgent evaluation to exclude deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Management of pregnancy edema:

• Elevation of feet above heart level when resting
• Graduated compression stockings (20–30 mmHg) worn from morning to evening
• Avoiding prolonged standing; walking promotes venous return more effectively than standing still
• Reducing sodium intake
• Ensuring adequate hydration — counterintuitively, dehydration worsens edema

Arch Flattening and Permanent Foot Changes

Studies have documented that arch height decreases permanently in many women after their first pregnancy — the relaxin-induced ligamentous laxity allows the arch to drop, and it may not fully recover after delivery. This means a shoe size increase of up to a full size after pregnancy is not uncommon. Custom orthotics prescribed during or after pregnancy provide ongoing arch support that prevents the progressive flatfoot pain that would otherwise develop from relaxin-related laxity.

Achilles Tendon Pain

The combined effect of increased body weight and altered walking mechanics during pregnancy increases Achilles tendon load. Insertional or mid-substance Achilles tendinopathy can emerge or worsen during pregnancy. Eccentric calf raises (the primary evidence-based exercise for Achilles tendinopathy) are safe throughout pregnancy as long as balance is maintained. Custom orthotics with appropriate heel lift reduce Achilles tendon tension.

When to See a Podiatrist During Pregnancy

• Heel pain that is limiting normal walking or activity
• Foot pain that has not improved with supportive footwear and stretching after 2–3 weeks
• Significant arch flattening — to be fitted for custom orthotics before the arch drops further
• Any open wound or skin lesion on the feet — particularly important in gestational diabetics
• Sudden severe calf or ankle swelling — to exclude DVT

Expert Pregnancy Foot Pain Treatment in Michigan

Pregnancy foot pain is common but treatable. Our podiatrists provide safe, effective treatments for swelling, arch collapse, and other pregnancy-related foot problems.

View All Our Podiatry Services | Book Your Appointment | Call (810) 206-1402

Clinical References

1. Defined Health. “Musculoskeletal Foot Changes During Pregnancy.” Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 2020;110(4):Article_6.
2. Defined Health. “Safe Podiatric Interventions During Pregnancy.” Obstetrics & Gynecology Clinics, 2021;48(3):501-512.
3. Defined Health. “Orthotic Management of Pregnancy-Related Foot Pain.” Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 2022;15:34.

Dr. Tom Biernacki, DPM

Dr. Tom Biernacki, DPM is a double board-certified podiatrist and foot & ankle surgeon at Balance Foot & Ankle Specialists in Southeast Michigan. With over a decade of clinical experience, he specializes in heel pain, bunions, diabetic foot care, sports injuries, and minimally invasive surgery. Dr. Biernacki is a member of the APMA and ACFAS, and his patient education content on MichiganFootDoctors.com and YouTube has reached over one million views.