Jones Fracture 2026: Symptoms, Treatment & Recovery Time Guide

You landed awkwardly on the outside of your foot during a basketball game, or felt a sharp snap mid-stride on a long run. Maybe it was a simple stumble off a curb. However it happened, you now have pain and swelling along the outer edge of your foot — and you’re wondering whether this will just walk off, or whether you need to get it checked out immediately.

If the pain is centered at or just below the bony bump on the outside of your foot — the base of your fifth metatarsal — there is a meaningful chance you have a Jones fracture. Of all the foot fractures we see at Balance Foot & Ankle, Jones fractures are among the most commonly mismanaged. They’re frequently mistaken for a simple ankle sprain or a minor avulsion fracture, which leads to delayed treatment, chronic pain, and in some cases, a fracture that never fully heals.

In this guide, Dr. Tom Biernacki walks you through the exact anatomy of a Jones fracture, how it differs from an avulsion fracture — a critical distinction that completely changes treatment — your full range of treatment options, and a realistic recovery timeline based on what we see in practice every day.

Table of Contents

• What Is a Jones Fracture?
• Jones Fracture Symptoms
• What Causes a Jones Fracture?
• How Is a Jones Fracture Diagnosed?
• Jones Fracture vs. Avulsion Fracture: A Critical Distinction
• Jones Fracture Treatment Options
• Recovery Timeline
• Warning Signs: When to See a Podiatrist
• The Most Common Mistake We See
• Frequently Asked Questions
• The Bottom Line
• Sources

What Is a Jones Fracture?

A Jones fracture is a specific type of break that occurs at a precise location on the fifth metatarsal — the long bone running along the outer edge of your foot that connects to your little toe. Understanding exactly where this fracture occurs is not merely academic; it determines everything about how difficult healing will be and what treatment is required.

The fifth metatarsal is divided into three anatomical zones. Zone 1 is the very tip of the base — the prominent bony bump you can feel on the outside of your foot. Zone 2 is the proximal diaphysis, a narrow transitional region just beyond that tuberosity where the bone transitions from its wider base to the narrower shaft. Zone 3 is the proximal shaft itself, farther down the bone toward the toes. A true Jones fracture occurs in Zone 2 — the proximal diaphysis — and this precise location is what makes it so clinically significant.

The reason Zone 2 matters so much comes down to blood supply. The base of the fifth metatarsal receives blood from branches of the peroneal artery. The shaft has its own blood supply from the nutrient artery entering further down. But Zone 2 sits in a vascular watershed area — a gap between these two blood supplies where neither feeds the bone reliably. When you fracture this zone, the bone fragments struggle to mount an adequate healing response. Without robust blood flow delivering oxygen, nutrients, and bone-forming cells, healing can stall or fail entirely — a complication called nonunion.

The fracture was first described in 1902 by British surgeon Sir Robert Jones, who fractured his own fifth metatarsal while dancing at a military party — making this one of the few orthopedic conditions named after a physician who personally experienced it. Over a century later, the challenge he identified remains just as relevant in modern sports medicine.

In our clinic at Balance Foot & Ankle, we see Jones fractures regularly — not just in elite athletes, but in recreational runners, weekend basketball players, and even people who simply stepped off a curb the wrong way. The injury does not discriminate by fitness level, but the consequences of mismanaging it can affect anyone equally.

Jones Fracture Symptoms

Jones fracture symptoms typically begin immediately after injury — though in the case of stress fractures, they develop insidiously over days to weeks of increased activity. Recognizing the specific pattern of symptoms helps distinguish a Jones fracture from a lateral ankle sprain, which presents similarly and is far more common.

The hallmark symptom is sharp, localized pain along the outer edge of the foot, specifically at or just below the prominent bony bump at the base of the fifth metatarsal. Unlike lateral ankle sprains — which produce tenderness over the lateral ankle ligaments (anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments above and slightly posterior to this area) — Jones fracture pain is lower on the foot, further toward the arch side and slightly forward of the ankle. This anatomical distinction is clinically critical and separable on examination.

The most common symptoms we see in our clinic include:

• Immediate, localized pain at the outer midfoot — not centered at the ankle itself
• Rapid swelling along the lateral foot within minutes to hours of injury
• Bruising (ecchymosis) spreading along the outer foot, sometimes toward the ankle within 24–48 hours
• Difficulty bearing weight — most patients can limp but cannot walk normally without pain
• Point tenderness directly over Zone 2 when pressed with a finger
• Worsening pain with push-off motions — stepping up stairs, walking quickly, or rising on tiptoe
• An audible or felt “snap” at the time of injury in acute fractures (not always present in stress fractures)

Stress fractures of Zone 2 — sometimes called “march fractures” of the fifth metatarsal — present differently. They develop gradually over a training cycle where mileage or intensity has increased. Pain typically begins as a dull ache that worsens with activity and improves with rest, then progressively becomes more constant as the fracture propagates. Many patients with stress fractures of Zone 2 walk into our office having trained through the pain for weeks before seeking care.

Symptom	Acute Jones Fracture	Zone 2 Stress Fracture
Onset	Immediate after specific trauma	Gradual over days to weeks
Pain quality	Sharp, intense immediately	Dull ache → progressively sharper
Swelling	Rapid and significant	Mild to moderate, builds over time
Bruising	Common within 24–48 hours	Rare or absent
Weight-bearing	Painful but usually possible	Manageable early, worsens with activity
Audible snap	Often present	Absent
Activity history	Single traumatic event	Increased training load over weeks

What Causes a Jones Fracture?

Jones fractures occur through two distinct mechanisms: a single acute traumatic event, or the cumulative stress of repetitive loading. Understanding which mechanism caused your fracture matters because it affects how we approach treatment and how long recovery will realistically take.

The most common acute mechanism is a forced inversion (rolling inward) of the ankle combined with a plantar-flexed foot. When you land with your foot rolled inward on the outer edge — as happens when you come down awkwardly from a jump in basketball, or step into a hole while running — the peroneal muscles attached to the fifth metatarsal experience a sudden violent tensile force. Simultaneously, the bone absorbs compressive forces from impact. Zone 2 is the mechanically weakest point in this equation, and it fails first.

A second acute mechanism is direct blow or lateral compression of the outer foot, seen in contact sports, vehicle accidents, or objects falling on the foot. The fracture pattern may vary slightly, but Zone 2 remains the most vulnerable point anatomically.

Stress fractures of Zone 2 develop through cumulative bone fatigue from repetitive loading. When bone is stressed cyclically — through running, jumping, dancing, or marching — microscopic cracks develop faster than the bone can repair them. Over time these accumulate into a partial or complete stress fracture. This is why Zone 2 stress fractures are so prevalent in:

• Basketball and soccer players — high-frequency push-off and lateral cutting forces
• Long-distance runners, especially those who recently increased mileage or transitioned to minimalist footwear
• Ballet and modern dancers who spend extended time in demi-pointe
• Military recruits during basic training with rapid activity escalation
• Gymnasts with repetitive high-impact landings

Several risk factors significantly increase susceptibility to both types. Cavus foot (high-arched foot structure) is among the most important — this foot type transfers disproportionate force to the lateral column with every step, chronically overloading Zone 2. Vitamin D and calcium deficiency reduce bone density and the ability to repair microdamage between training sessions. Poor or worn footwear with inadequate lateral support compounds the mechanical load at the fifth metatarsal base.

The presentation we see most commonly in our clinic is an “acute-on-chronic” pattern: a patient who has had low-grade lateral foot pain for weeks or months of heavy training, then experiences a final traumatic event that completes the fracture. This is actually a stress fracture that has finally fully snapped. These fractures have the most challenging healing because the bone was already compromised before the acute event, and sclerosis (hardening of the fracture zone) is often visible on the initial X-ray.

How Is a Jones Fracture Diagnosed?

Diagnosing a Jones fracture accurately — and distinguishing it precisely from an avulsion fracture of Zone 1 — requires a systematic clinical examination followed by appropriate imaging. Getting the zone right changes treatment completely, so we approach every lateral foot injury with a structured diagnostic sequence.

Clinical Examination

We begin with a thorough history: mechanism of injury, exact onset, any prior episodes of lateral foot pain (suggesting pre-existing stress changes), training volume, and relevant medical history including nutritional status and prior foot conditions. The difference between an acute twisting mechanism and a gradual onset during increased training immediately directs our differential diagnosis.

Physical examination focuses on precise palpation. The key maneuver is applying direct fingertip pressure over Zone 2 — the narrow region just distal to the tuberosity, at the metadiaphyseal junction. Exquisite point tenderness at this specific location, clearly distinct from tenderness over the lateral ankle ligaments above, strongly suggests a Jones fracture. We also assess for concurrent ligamentous injury, as lateral ankle sprains and fifth metatarsal fractures frequently coexist.

X-Ray (Standard First-Line Imaging)

Weight-bearing foot X-rays in three views — AP (anteroposterior), lateral, and oblique — are the first imaging study ordered for any suspected Jones fracture. In acute fractures, a visible fracture line through Zone 2 is typically identifiable on the oblique view. However, early stress fractures frequently appear normal on initial X-ray, and a negative film does not rule out significant bone pathology.

The oblique view is most important: it provides the clearest visualization of the fifth metatarsal base and allows precise zone classification. We also look for medullary sclerosis — whitish, hardened bone within the fracture zone — which indicates chronicity and significantly worsens the prognosis for non-surgical healing.

CT Scan (When X-Ray Is Equivocal)

When X-ray findings are equivocal — a thin fracture line that may or may not cross Zone 2, or questions about displacement or comminution — CT provides superior bony detail. CT can precisely characterize fracture location, degree of fragmentation, displacement, and the extent of any sclerosis. We order CT preoperatively for virtually every Jones fracture heading toward surgical repair, as screw sizing depends on accurate measurement of the medullary canal diameter.

MRI (Gold Standard for Stress Fractures)

When clinical suspicion for a stress fracture is high but X-rays are negative, MRI is the definitive diagnostic tool. MRI detects bone marrow edema — the earliest sign of bone stress — before a frank fracture line appears on plain film. This is critical for athletes: catching a stress reaction early and modifying training can prevent progression to a complete fracture, potentially avoiding surgery altogether. A negative MRI reliably rules out significant osseous pathology and redirects workup toward soft-tissue causes.

Differential Diagnosis

Several conditions mimic Jones fractures on history and examination and must be considered in every evaluation:

• Zone 1 avulsion fracture (pseudo-Jones fracture) — the most critical distinction; treated far more conservatively with weight-bearing as tolerated
• Lateral ankle sprain — most common cause of acute lateral foot and ankle pain; no bony injury on X-ray
• Peroneal tendon injury — tendinopathy or partial tear at the peroneus brevis insertion on the fifth metatarsal tuberosity
• Cuboid fracture — less common; pain more centralized on the dorsal midfoot and cuboid facet
• Os vesalianum or os peroneum — accessory ossicles near the fifth metatarsal base that can be mistaken for fracture fragments on X-ray
• Lisfranc ligament injury — pain more medial, at the tarsometatarsal joint complex; separate injury pattern

Jones Fracture vs. Avulsion Fracture: A Critical Distinction

No distinction in foot fracture management carries more clinical weight than the difference between a Jones fracture and an avulsion fracture of the fifth metatarsal base. These two injuries look similar on presentation, occur from overlapping mechanisms, and affect adjacent zones of the same bone — yet their treatment, prognosis, and risk of complications are completely different. Treating an avulsion fracture like a Jones fracture is unnecessary overtreatment. Treating a Jones fracture like an avulsion fracture risks nonunion, refracture, and years of chronic lateral foot pain.

Feature	Jones Fracture (Zone 2)	Avulsion Fracture (Zone 1)
Location on 5th metatarsal	Proximal diaphysis (shaft-base junction)	Tip of the tuberosity at the very base
Common nickname	“True Jones fracture”	“Pseudo-Jones fracture”
Primary mechanism	Ankle inversion + push-off; stress loading	Acute ankle inversion; peroneus brevis pull
Blood supply to fracture zone	Watershed — poor and unreliable	Good — proximal to watershed
Nonunion risk	High — up to 25–30% without surgery	Very low — heals reliably in most cases
Typical treatment	NWB cast or surgical screw fixation	Walking boot or hard-soled shoe; WBAT
Expected healing time	6–20 weeks conservative; 10–14 weeks surgical	4–8 weeks
Surgery required?	Often yes — especially in athletes	Rarely if ever

On an oblique foot X-ray, the fracture line of an avulsion fracture runs perpendicular to the long axis of the fifth metatarsal — horizontally across the very tip of the tuberosity, often appearing as a small chip. A Jones fracture line runs across the metadiaphyseal junction, clearly distal to the tuberosity and at or within the shaft. An experienced podiatrist can usually make this distinction reliably on plain X-ray, but borderline cases — particularly when the fracture line is at the very boundary of Zones 1 and 2 — warrant CT for definitive classification.

Jones Fracture Treatment Options

Jones fracture treatment depends on three factors: the acuity of the fracture (acute traumatic vs. chronic stress), the patient’s activity demands, and imaging characteristics including the presence or absence of medullary sclerosis. At Balance Foot & Ankle, we evaluate all three before recommending a treatment pathway — because there is no one-size-fits-all protocol for this fracture.

Non-Surgical Treatment

Non-surgical management is appropriate for low- to moderate-demand patients with an acute Jones fracture and no medullary sclerosis on X-ray — meaning this is a first-time, truly acute injury without pre-existing stress fracture changes. The protocol is strict:

• Non-weight-bearing (NWB) short leg cast for 6–8 weeks — the cornerstone of non-operative Jones fracture management. The cast must be non-weight-bearing; even partial weight-bearing in a boot without cast immobilization can disrupt healing at Zone 2.
• Crutches or knee scooter to maintain strict NWB compliance throughout the cast period
• X-ray at 4–6 weeks to assess early bridging callus formation and confirm healing is progressing
• Transition to a removable protective boot after confirmed healing on X-ray, with gradual progressive weight-bearing
• Physical therapy for peroneal strengthening, proprioceptive retraining, and sport-specific activity preparation before return to full activity

The important caveat with non-surgical treatment is that healing rates are variable and lower than most patients expect. Published data show healing rates of 72–93% with strict non-operative management — meaning up to 28% of patients will not heal adequately without eventually requiring surgery. Medullary sclerosis on the initial X-ray is a warning sign that non-surgical management is likely to fail; we counsel these patients honestly about the probability that surgery will ultimately be required.

A well-fitted fracture walker boot is essential during the rehabilitation phase after cast removal, providing the protection needed as bone consolidation completes and the patient transitions back to full weight-bearing.

Surgical Treatment: Intramedullary Screw Fixation

Surgical repair is the preferred treatment for athletes, highly active patients, anyone with sclerosis on X-ray indicating a chronic stress fracture, and patients who have already failed non-operative management. The gold standard procedure is intramedullary (IM) screw fixation — a minimally invasive technique where a cannulated stainless steel or titanium screw is inserted through a small incision at the base of the fifth metatarsal and threaded down the medullary canal, compressing the fracture site from within.

The procedure is typically performed as an outpatient surgery under general or regional anesthesia and takes 20–45 minutes. The biological rationale is that rigid interfragmentary compression at Zone 2 counteracts the shear forces that prevent healing in the watershed vascular zone. By stabilizing fracture fragments and promoting direct bone contact, the screw allows the bone’s limited blood supply to mount an effective healing response that it cannot achieve in an unstabilized environment.

Outcome data strongly support surgery for higher-demand patients:

• Return-to-sport averages 7–10 weeks with surgery vs. 14–26 weeks without
• Nonunion rate drops to under 5% with surgery vs. up to 28% without
• Refracture rate after surgical repair: approximately 10–15% (vs. up to 30% with non-surgical management)
• Patient satisfaction consistently high in published series

Larger-diameter screws (4.5–5.5 mm depending on canal size) provide better rotational stability and are associated with lower refracture rates than the smaller screws used in older studies. We determine screw size from preoperative CT measurement of the medullary canal, individualized to each patient’s anatomy.

Nutritional Optimization for Bone Healing

Regardless of whether treatment is surgical or non-surgical, optimizing bone-healing biology is essential and too often overlooked. We routinely assess and address three key nutritional factors:

• Vitamin D — deficiency is extremely common in patients who sustain stress fractures. We check serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and supplement to achieve 40–60 ng/mL. Doses of 2,000–5,000 IU daily are often required.
• Calcium — 1,000–1,200 mg daily from dietary and supplemental sources combined supports the mineralization phase of fracture healing
• Protein — at least 1.2–1.6 g/kg body weight per day supports the collagen matrix that forms the scaffold for new bone

Biomechanical Correction: Addressing the Root Cause

In patients with cavus foot or other biomechanical contributors to lateral column overloading, addressing the underlying foot structure is essential to preventing refracture. Custom orthotic insoles designed to redistribute plantar pressure away from the lateral foot are a cornerstone of long-term Jones fracture management. Without biomechanical correction, refracture rates remain elevated even after technically successful surgical fixation.

Jones Fracture Recovery Timeline

Recovery from a Jones fracture is often longer and less predictable than patients expect. We set clear expectations from the outset because the most common reason for poor outcomes is non-compliance with non-weight-bearing restrictions — driven by frustration at the slow pace of healing. The following timeline applies to both surgical and non-surgical pathways.

Phase	Non-Surgical Timeline	Surgical Timeline
Weeks 0–2	NWB short leg cast applied; pain and swelling management; elevation above heart level; strict crutch use	Outpatient surgery; NWB splint; elevation and ice; oral analgesia; wound check at 10–14 days
Weeks 2–6	Continued NWB cast; X-ray at 4 weeks to assess early callus; no weight-bearing at all	Transition to NWB boot at 2 weeks; X-ray confirms screw position and early bone response
Weeks 6–10	X-ray shows bridging callus → transition to walking boot; progressive weight-bearing begins; PT starts	X-ray at 6–8 weeks shows callus; protected weight-bearing begins in boot; formal PT initiated
Weeks 10–14	Full weight-bearing in boot; transition to supportive shoe with orthotic; PT progresses to sport-specific work	Full weight-bearing in shoe with orthotic; sport-specific training begins under PT supervision
Weeks 14–26	Gradual return to low-impact activity; serial X-ray monitoring; return to sport contingent on imaging and functional testing	Return to full sport activity for most athletes; final X-ray to confirm complete healing
6–12 months	Full healing confirmed; long-term orthotic use for high-risk patients; bone density optimization ongoing	Screw removal only if symptomatic hardware irritation; long-term orthotic; bone density optimization

The single most important variable affecting non-surgical recovery time is the presence or absence of medullary sclerosis on initial X-ray. Patients with sclerosis face prolonged timelines and substantially elevated nonunion risk. When we see sclerosis on a patient’s first X-ray — combined with a history of weeks of lateral foot pain before the acute fracture event — we have an honest conversation: non-surgical management will likely fail, and proceeding to surgery from the outset is more efficient and results in a shorter overall recovery.

Warning Signs: When to See a Podiatrist

If you are unsure whether you have a Jones fracture or a simple sprain, the correct decision is always to get evaluated with an X-ray. The cost of imaging is trivial compared to the cost of missing a Jones fracture and allowing a nonunion to develop over weeks or months of inadequate treatment.

The Most Common Mistake We See

The single most common mistake we see with Jones fractures is treating them like avulsion fractures — or managing them the way most lateral ankle sprains are handled. This happens at urgent care centers, emergency departments, and primary care offices where the subtle zone distinction on X-ray is missed or not recognized as clinically significant.

The scenario is familiar: a patient arrives with lateral foot pain after rolling their ankle. An X-ray is taken. A fifth metatarsal base fracture is identified and correctly diagnosed. But instead of zone classification and specific counseling about the poor vascularity of Zone 2, the patient is placed in a walking boot and told they can put weight on it. This is the correct management for a Zone 1 avulsion fracture. For a Jones fracture, it is undertreatment that can result in delayed union or complete nonunion.

By the time these patients reach our office — often 8 to 12 weeks later with persistent, unresolved lateral foot pain — they have a Zone 2 fracture with varying degrees of sclerosis and failed bone healing. At that point, treatment is substantially more complex than it would have been at initial presentation. Surgery is almost always required, recovery is longer, and bone quality at the fracture site is compromised from weeks of inadequate immobilization. The original “wait and see in a boot” approach has added months to the recovery trajectory.

The second most common mistake is non-weight-bearing non-compliance. Patients consistently underestimate how important strict NWB is to Jones fracture healing. We regularly see patients who walked without crutches “just a few times” because crutches are difficult, the boot felt supportive enough, or they were told by someone else that full non-weight-bearing wasn’t necessary. Even occasional loading of Zone 2 during the healing period can disrupt the nascent fracture callus and restart the healing clock. We are explicit with every non-operative Jones fracture patient: this is a strict non-weight-bearing protocol, not a “comfortable weight-bearing as tolerated” situation.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can a Jones fracture heal without surgery?

Yes — for low-demand patients without medullary sclerosis on initial X-ray, strict non-weight-bearing in a short leg cast for 6–8 weeks produces adequate healing in approximately 72–93% of cases. However, athletes, highly active individuals, and anyone with evidence of pre-existing bone stress (sclerosis) on X-ray have substantially lower healing rates with non-surgical management and are generally better served by surgical fixation at the outset. The decision should be individualized based on imaging findings and activity demands.

How long does Jones fracture recovery take?

With non-surgical treatment, expect 6–20 weeks from injury to return to full activity, depending on healing response. Surgical fixation significantly compresses this timeline — most athletes with surgical repair return to sport in 7–14 weeks. The wide range in non-surgical recovery reflects the inherent variability of healing in Zone 2’s vascular watershed territory. Patients with sclerosis on X-ray should plan for the longer end of both ranges.

What happens if a Jones fracture doesn’t heal?

A Jones fracture that fails to heal is called a nonunion. Clinically, nonunion presents as persistent lateral foot pain, functional limitation with activity, and on X-ray, a persistent fracture gap with surrounding sclerosis. Treatment for established nonunion almost universally requires surgery — typically intramedullary screw fixation combined with bone grafting to stimulate the healing response at the previously failed fracture site. This is a more complex, higher-risk procedure than primary fixation and carries a longer recovery. Early and appropriate treatment at initial presentation is the most reliable way to avoid this outcome.

Can I drive with a Jones fracture?

If the fracture is in your right foot, driving is not safe during the non-weight-bearing phase — you cannot operate brake and gas pedals safely with an NWB restriction. If the fracture is in your left foot, driving an automatic transmission vehicle may be permissible at your treating podiatrist’s discretion. Clarify driving restrictions explicitly at your first appointment, as the answer depends on your specific fracture management plan and local traffic regulations.

Will I need the screw removed after Jones fracture surgery?

Most patients do not require screw removal. The intramedullary screw is a permanent implant in the majority of cases and causes no problems once healing is complete. A minority of patients develop hardware irritation — often related to the screw head prominence near the fracture site — and may request removal once the bone has fully healed, typically no sooner than 12 months post-surgery. Routine screw removal is not standard practice; we remove hardware only when the patient has symptoms attributable specifically to the implant.

Is a Jones fracture the same as a broken fifth metatarsal?

Not exactly. “Broken fifth metatarsal” describes any fracture along the entire fifth metatarsal bone, including all three zones and the shaft. A Jones fracture is a specific subtype — a Zone 2 fracture at the proximal diaphysis — with a distinctly challenging prognosis. Other fifth metatarsal fractures include Zone 1 avulsion fractures, mid-shaft spiral fractures (dancer’s fracture), and distal shaft fractures. Each has a different treatment plan and prognosis. Zone classification on X-ray is the essential step that determines which type you have and how it should be treated.

The Bottom Line

A Jones fracture is one of the most consequential “small” injuries in foot and ankle medicine. It occurs in a specific zone of the fifth metatarsal with notoriously poor blood supply, heals slowly and unpredictably, and carries a genuine risk of nonunion and refracture if not properly managed from the first visit. The most critical first step is accurate diagnosis — specifically, zone classification that distinguishes a Jones fracture from the far more common and forgiving avulsion fracture of Zone 1.

Treatment selection must account for activity demands, imaging characteristics (especially the presence of sclerosis), and realistic expectations about healing timelines. For most athletes and active patients, surgical intramedullary screw fixation offers significantly faster return to sport, dramatically lower nonunion rates, and better long-term outcomes than non-surgical management. For lower-demand patients with clean imaging, strict non-weight-bearing gives the fracture the best possible chance to heal without surgery.

If you have lateral foot pain after trauma — or persistent outer foot pain building through increased training — do not wait and hope it resolves. Get evaluated with an X-ray, get a precise zone classification, and make a treatment decision based on your specific situation. Catching a Jones fracture early and treating it correctly is the difference between a 10-week recovery and a year of chronic pain.

Sources

1. Japjec M, et al. “Jones fracture — surgical treatment: a systematic review.” Injury. 2021;52(Suppl 5):S87–S92.
2. Roche AJ, Calder JD. “Treatment and return to sport following a Jones fracture of the fifth metatarsal: a systematic review.” Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2013;21(6):1307–1315.
3. Murawski CD, Kennedy JG. “Percutaneous internal fixation of proximal fifth metatarsal Jones fractures with Charlotte Carolina screw and bone marrow aspirate concentrate.” The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2011;39(6):1295–1301.
4. Porter DA, et al. “Fifth metatarsal Jones fractures in the athlete.” Foot & Ankle International. 2005;26(3):204–210.
5. Lawrence SJ, Botte MJ. “Jones’ fractures and related fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal.” Foot & Ankle. 1993;14(7):358–365.
6. Bigsby E, et al. “Epidemiology of fifth metatarsal fractures.” The Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. 2014;96(7):519–521.

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