Congenital clubfoot (talipes equinovarus) — the most common congenital musculoskeletal deformity, affecting 1 in 1,000 live births — is characterized by four components: equinus (plantar flexion), varus (heel inversion), adductus (forefoot supination and adduction), and cavus (plantar-flexed first ray). The Ponseti method of serial casting has become the global standard of care for clubfoot correction since the early 2000s, achieving correction rates of 90–95% while avoiding the morbidity of the extensive surgical releases previously performed — a paradigm shift that transformed clubfoot management from a complex surgical procedure to a primarily non-operative treatment.

Ponseti Casting Technique and Tenotomy

Timing: treatment begins in the first weeks of life when the foot ligaments and bones are most malleable; correction becomes progressively more difficult with delay. Casting sequence: serial long-leg plaster casts changed weekly — each cast corrects components in the specific order: cavus correction first (supination of the forefoot to improve the arch), then abduction with counter-pressure over the talar head, then progressive external rotation; equinus is corrected last; typically 4–6 casts over 4–6 weeks. Percutaneous Achilles tenotomy: required in 80–90% of Ponseti-treated clubfeet — the Achilles tendon is the last component corrected; office procedure under local anesthesia; the tendon heals with 1cm of new tendon growth within 3 weeks. Post-casting bracing (Foot Abduction Brace, FAB): the most critical component for preventing relapse — the Dennis-Browne bar with open-toe sandals at 60–70° of external rotation; worn 23 hours/day for 3 months, then nightly until age 4–5; brace compliance is the single most important predictor of relapse prevention.

Relapse Management

Relapse incidence: 20–30% of Ponseti-corrected clubfeet relapse, almost always due to brace non-compliance; early relapse (before age 3) responds to repeat casting and tenotomy. Tibialis anterior tendon transfer (TATT): the standard surgical procedure for dynamic relapse from overactive tibialis anterior — transfer of the tendon from the medial cuneiform to the third cuneiform achieves balanced dorsiflexion and corrects recurrent dynamic supination; performed after age 3–4 when the tendon is large enough for transfer. Residual deformity in older children (>8 years): bony surgical corrections — calcaneal osteotomy for residual heel varus; plantar fascia release for cavus; cuneiform osteotomy for forefoot adductus. Dr. Biernacki at Balance Foot & Ankle evaluates clubfoot relapses and complex pediatric foot deformities at our Bloomfield Hills and Howell offices. Call (810) 206-1402 for pediatric foot consultations.

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Frequently Asked Questions

When should I see a podiatrist?

See a podiatrist for any foot or ankle pain that persists more than 2 weeks, doesn’t improve with rest, limits your daily activities, or is accompanied by swelling, numbness, or skin changes. People with diabetes or circulation problems should see a podiatrist regularly even without symptoms.

What does a podiatrist treat?

Podiatrists diagnose and treat all conditions of the foot, ankle, and lower leg including plantar fasciitis, bunions, hammertoes, toenail problems, heel pain, nerve pain, diabetic foot care, sports injuries, fractures, and foot deformities — both surgically and non-surgically.

What can I expect at my first podiatry visit?

Your first visit includes a full medical history, physical examination of your feet and gait, and in-office diagnostic imaging if needed (X-rays, ultrasound). We’ll discuss your diagnosis and create a personalized treatment plan. Most visits take 30–45 minutes.

Need Treatment at Balance Foot & Ankle?

Dr. Tom Biernacki, Dr. Carl Jay, and Dr. Daria Gutkin see patients at our Howell and Bloomfield Township offices.

Book Online or call (810) 206-1402

Dr. Tom Biernacki, DPM

Dr. Tom Biernacki, DPM is a double board-certified podiatrist and foot & ankle surgeon at Balance Foot & Ankle Specialists in Southeast Michigan. With over a decade of clinical experience, he specializes in heel pain, bunions, diabetic foot care, sports injuries, and minimally invasive surgery. Dr. Biernacki is a member of the APMA and ACFAS, and his patient education content on MichiganFootDoctors.com and YouTube has reached over one million views.